A case of dimethylformamide poisoning caused by skin contact / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

In this paper, the clinical data of a case of accidental poisoning of dimethylformamide in a traffic accident was analyzed. The patient was trapped in the driving room, his limbs were soaked in dimethylformamide for a long time, and dimethylformamide was inhaled at the same time. After 4 days of treatment in a local hospital, he was transferred to the Department of Poisoning & Occupational Diseases, Emergency Medicine of Qilu Hospital of Shandong University for treatment. The main clinical manifestation of the patient was liver damage and intractable abdominal pain, which was cured by active treatment.

Clinical characteristics of acute occupational poisoning caused by carbon dioxide leakage from a cargo ship / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Carbon dioxide is a simple asphyxial gas, with low concentrations having an excitatory effect on the respiratory center, while high concentrations have an inhibitory effect on the respiratory center. Simple carbon dioxide poisoning is rarely seen clinically. This article reviews and analyzes the treatment process of 9 cases of acute inhalation carbon dioxide poisoning in a cargo ship carbon dioxide leakage accident in May 2019, summarizes clinical treatment experience, and provides timely and effective treatment for acute pulmonary edema caused by acute inhalation carbon dioxide poisoning. In particular, the application of hormones has a good prognosis, improving clinicians' understanding of the disease.

A case of occupational allyl alcohol inhalation poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Allyl alcohol is an intermediate widely used in industrial production activities, which has caused many occupational damage in China. In this paper, the data of a case of skin damage and clinical cure of inhalation pneumonia caused by occupational allyl alcohol exposure were analyzed and summarized. The patient accidentally inhaled large amounts of allyl alcohol at work and had skin exposure, which was mainly manifested as aspiration pneumonia, respiratory failure, eye damage and skin bullae. After short-term hormone shock therapy, mechanical ventilation, infection prevention, local treatment and other comprehensive treatment, the patient was clinically cured. This case suggests that chemical pneumonia and respiratory failure may be caused by inhalation of allyl alcohol, and skin bullae may be caused by skin contact. Early treatment and hormone use should be emphasized.

Emergency psychological intervention of acute ammonia leakage event / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To analyze the situation of emergency psychological intervention in an acute ammonia leakage event, and to provide reference for emergency response. Methods: In August 2020, the emergency treatment of 65 patients admitted by Zhangqiu District People's Hospital Affiliated to Jining Medical College of Shandong Province in June 2019 in the ammonia tank car leakage incident was analyzed, the psychological intervention in emergency after the incident was collected, the anxiety and depression were evaluated by symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90) , and targeted psychological intervention was implemented according to the psychological evaluation results, And analyze the intervention efficiency. Results: Among the 65 patients, there were 52 cases of ammonia stimulation reaction, 11 cases of mild poisoning and 2 cases of moderate poisoning. There were 60 cases of chest tightness and dyspnea, 11 cases of bloody sputum, 58 cases of sore throat, 43 cases of hoarseness, 28 cases of photophobia and tears, 13 cases of blurred vision, 18 cases of nausea and vomiting, and 2 cases of dry and wet rales in the lungs. The scores of somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoia and negative coping in patients with mild and moderate poisoning were higher than those in patients with stimulus response (P<0.05) . The effective rate of intervention was 98.7%. Conclusion: Emergency psychological evaluation and intervention in mass public health events are helpful to the treatment of patients.

Investigation and case analysis of an occupational chronic benzene poisoning accident / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

This article investigated an occupational chronic benzene poisoning incident that occurred in a sealing material factory in Hebei Province in September 2019, analyzed the clinical data of workers, to explore the causes of occupational chronic benzene poisoning, and summarize the diagnosis and treatment characteristics and treatment outcome. According to GBZ 68-2013 "Diagnosis of Occupational Benzene Poisoning", a total of 12 cases of occupational chronic benzene poisoning were diagnosed among the 20 workers, including 2 cases of occupational chronic mild benzene poisoning, 7 cases of moderate benzene poisoning, and 3 cases of severe benzene poisoning. Both mild and moderate poisoning patients had recovered after treatment. Severely poisoned patients had recovered more slowly, and the white blood cell count was still 2.0×10(9)-3.0×10(9)/L during the 1-year follow-up. This benzene poisoning incident was caused by illegal operations. The responsibility of the employer, the supervision of the administrative agency, and the awareness of personal protection of employees should be strengthened to avoid or reduce the occurrence of poisoning incidents and ensure the health of workers.

Clinical studies of dynamic changes on the renal injury indicators of acute paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical significance of dynamic changes of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (Cr), serum cystatin (Cys C) and urinary protein on renal injury with paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the clinical manifestation and curative effect, the clinical information was analyzed retrospectively in 35 cases of acute paraquat poisoning, survival after eight weeks as the standard. Poisoning patients were taken a fasting blood 5 ml and the middle of urinary on the 1st day, 3rd day, 7th day, 14th day, 21st day and 8 weeks after the poisoning. Then the levels of serum BUN, Cr, Cys C and urinary protein were detected by automatic biochemistry analyzer. 30 cases healthy subjects were randomly selected as normal control group, and discharged kidney disease and other diseases of urinary system history. The same laboratory subjects have been done.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The level of serum Bun, Cr, Cys C of survival group increased significantly compared with control group within 21 days (P < 0.05). The level of serum BUN, Cr Cys C decreased on the 14th day. The decreased level of serum Cys C was lower than that of serum BUN and Cr. The renal function of 29 cases among 35 cases survival patients recovered on 21st day. The renal function of 31 cases among 35 cases survival patients recovered 8 weeks late. The positive rate of urinary protein of survival patients was high in the early intoxication (76.9%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Serum Cys C is sensitive indicator to reveal the kidney injury on paraquat poisoning patients and have higher value of clinical applications in the diagnosis of the kidney injury of paraquat poisoning, which sensitivity is higher than serum BUN and Cr. The kidney injury caused by paraquat poisoning is reversible.</p>

Experimental anticoagulant therapy of acute lung injury induced by paraquat / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a model of acute lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning and to observe the effects of anticoagulant therapy on acute lung injury induced by paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred twenty adult healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: the paraquat poisoning group was exposed intragastrically (IG) to 50 mg/kg paraquat, anticoagulant therapy group was exposed intragastrically (IG) to 50 mg/kg paraquat then administrated subcutaneously with 68 U/kg low molecular heparin calcium 2 times a day and administrated intragastrically with 1.67 mg/kg aspirin one tome a day for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days, respectively, control group exposed intragastrically to normal saline. After exposure the rats were sacrificed, the venous blood and lung tissues were collected to detect the prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, thrombin time and D-dimer in blood and the hydroxyproline in lung tissues, and to examine pathological changes in lung tissues with HE and Masson staining under light microscope.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the 3rd, 7th, 14th and 21st days after exposure, the hydroxyproline contents of lung tissues in paraquat poisoning group and anticoagulation therapy group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), but the hydroxyproline contents of lung tissues in anticoagulation therapy group were significantly lower than those in paraquat poisoning group (P < 0.05). At the 3rd day after exposure, the PT, APTT, Fib and D-dimer levels in paraquat poisoning group and anticoagulation therapy group were significantly higher than those in control group (P < 0.05), the D-dimer level of anticoagulation therapy group was significantly lower than that of control group (P < 0.05). At the 7th, 14th and 21st days after exposure, the TT and D-dimer levels of paraquat poisoning group and anticoagulation therapy group were significantly higher than those of control group (P < 0.05), the TT and D-dimer levels of anticoagulation therapy group were significantly lower than those of paraquat poisoning group (P < 0.05). The lung injury in paraquat poisoning group increased with exposure period, the lung fibrosis in anticoagulation therapy group was lower than that in paraquat poisoning group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Anticoagulation therapy can improve hyper-coagulation state and acute lung injury in rats induced by paraquat poisoning.</p>

The experimental study of therapeutical effects of KANGFUXINYE on upper gastrointestinal injury induced by paraquat in rats / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the therapeutical effects of KANGFUXINYE on the upper gastrointestinal injury induced by paraquat in rats, and to explore the proper mechanism.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 120 adult Wistar male rats were randomly divided into three groups, control group (CG), model group (MG) and treatment group (TG), 40 rats each group. The MG and TG were given 20% paraquat 50 mg/kg by oral administration, after 2 h the TG was given KANGFUXINYE solution 1.5 ml by oral administration, 3 times a day. The CG was given normal saline. On the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th days after exposure, 8 rats of each group were killed respectively, and the tissues from esophagus and stomach were collected and examined by HE staining for observing the mucosa injury. The superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) of serum were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>On the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th days after exposure, the results of pathological examination showed that the mucosa injury in TG was significantly relieved as compared with MG, the activity of serum SOD reduced obviously and the MDA levels increased significantly in MG, as compared with CG (P<0.05). The activity of serum SOD increased obviously and the MDA levels decreased significantly in TG, as compared with MG (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results of present indicate that KANGFUXINYE has the therapeutical effects on the upper gastrointestinal injury caused by paraquat in rats. The mechanism of therapeutical effects may be due to the increasing SOD activity, eliminating free radicles and inhibiting the lipid peroxidation.</p>

Experimental therapy of penehyclidine hydrochloride on paraquat-induced acute lung injury / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism of penehyclidine hydrochloride on paraquat-induced acute lung injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>80 healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into control groups (10 rats), 100 mg/kg PQ group (10 rats), 100 mg/kg PQ plus 33 µg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group (30 rats), 100 mg/kg PQ plus 66 µg/kg penehyclidine hydrochloride treatment group (30 rats). The two treatment groups were executed respectively at 36 h, 72 h and 7 d. Lung tissues were used to assess histopathological change by HE staining. The level of MMP-2, caveolin-1 and HYP were detected in the lung homogenate. The serum and BALF contents of ET were measured.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Pathology inspection confirmed that the model of acute rat pulmonary injury were duplicated successfully. The level of MMP-2, HYP in lung tissues and the serum and BALF ET contents in PQ group were (1.77 ± 0.40) µg/g, (2.91 ± 0.79) µg/g, (505.23 ± 124.69) µg/ml, (640.38 ± 136.60) µg/ml. The level of those was higher than that in control group [(0.95 ± 0.66) µg/g, (1.48 ± 0.69) µg/g, (95.48 ± 46.01) µg/ml, (200.40 ± 88.39) µg/ml, P < 0.05]; The above-mentioned index in two treatment groups was lower than that in PQ group (P < 0.05). The caveolin-1 content [(1.77 ± 0.82) µg/g] in PQ group was lower than that in control group [(5.39 ± 1.68) µg/g, P < 0.05]. The level of caveolin-1 in two treatment groups was higher than that in PQ group (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Penehyclidine hydrochloride can decrease the level of MMP-2, HYP in lung tissues and the ET in serum and BALF, increase that of caveolin-1 and lessen the damage induced by paraquat.</p>

Clinical study on treatment of acute paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the clinical therapeutic effect of methylprednisolone combined with cyclophosphamide and Etanercept method on acute paraquat poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>136 patients with acute paraquat poisoning were divided into the normal therapy group and the intensive therapy group randomly. Methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide and Etanercept were used in the intensive therapy group. Methylprednisolone 500 mg was given intravenously per day for continuous three days followed by 200 mg intravenous per day. Then methylprednisolone was decreased gradually 14 d or 21 d later according to the patient's condition. Cyclophosphamide 600 mg was given intravenously twice weekly for 2 weeks and Etanercept 25 mg was given hypodermic injection twice weekly for 3 weeks. Curative effect evaluation was done at 7, 14, 21 d and 12 weeks after therapy.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The survival rate of the intensive therapy group was obviously higher than that of the normal therapy group (P<0.01) on 7, 4, 21 d and 12 weeks. The cure rate of the intensive group were 94.6% (intake dose<50 ml 20% paraquat solution), 75.0% (intake dose 50 approximately 100 ml 20% paraquat solution), 12.5% (intake dose>100 ml 20% paraquat solution) respectively, while the cure rate of the normal group were 16.7% (intake dose<50 ml 20% paraquat solution), 8.3% (intake dose 50 approximately 100 ml 20% paraquat solution), 0% (intake dose>100 ml 20% paraquat solution) respectively. The total cure rate of the intensive therapy group (78.3%) 12 weeks later was higher than that of the normal group (11.9%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Methylprednisolone combined with cyclophosphamide and Etanercept intensive therapy has the curative effect on acute paraquat poisoning.</p>

Changes of serum cytokine caused by acute paraquat poisoning / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the change of cytokine interleukin IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) occurred in acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning rats and to investigate the mechanism of acute lung injury caused by paraquat (PQ) poisoning.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 72 healthy adult Wistar rats were random assigned into normal control groups, paraquat high dose group (120 mg/kg), paraquat middle dose (60 mg/kg) group, paraquat low dose group (30 mg/kg). Three observing periods of time included 8, 24, 72 h and the standards of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, IL-6, IL-10 were determined.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Every index of the PQ group was significantly higher than that in the NS group at the same period of time (P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the 72 h group, the high dose group was significantly higher than the middle and low dose group (P<0.05), and there was no significantly difference between the middle and low dose group (P>0.05). For the comparison of index in the same dose group, the group of 72 h was much higher than 8 h group and 24 h group (P<0.05), and there was no difference between the 8h group and 24 h group (P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The cytokine may play an important role in paraquat-induced acute lung tissue injury.</p>